Chapter 10  The Future Tense

The simple future tense is translated in English by the will or shall form of the verb.  There is only one set of endings for all the groups.

The English tense known as future active (such as will be going) is translated in Italian as the simple future tense. 

Pronunciation note:  All verbs in the future tense follow pronunciation rules A and B.

Group 1 verbs end in -are.  The infinitive is modified by replacing the “a” of the group ending with the final “e” of the group ending.

The tense endings (-ò, -ai, -à, -ẹmo, -ẹte, -anno) are added to the modified infinitive. 

The following examples demonstrate the forms.

I shall, will fly Io volare volerò (voh-lay-rAW)
you shall, will speak Tu parlare parlerai (pahr-lay-rAH-ee)
He, she, who shall, will swim Lei, Lui, Chi nuotare nuoterà (nuoh-tay-rAH)
We shall, will carry Noi portare porterẹmo (pohr-tay-rAY-moh)
You shall, will order Voi ordenare ordenerẹte (ohr-day-nay-rAY-tay)
They, who shall, will buy Loro, Chi comprare compreranno (cohm-pray-rAHn-noh)

In group 1, some verbs have irregular stems in the future tense.
andare, to go:  andrò, andrai, andrà, andrẹmo, andrẹte, andranno
                Like andare:         riandare, to go back
dare, to give:  darò, darai, darà, darẹmo, darẹte, daranno
                Like dare:              ridare, to give back

fare, to do, make:  farò, farai, farà, farẹmo, farẹte, faranno
Like fare: assuefare, to accustom, inure contraffare, to counterfeit disassuefare, to give up a habit
disfare, to undo liquefare, to liquify putrefare, to putrify
rarefare, to rarefy rifare, to do over, repeat sfare, to undo, to thaw, melt
soddisfare, to satisfy soprafare, to overwhelm strafare, to do too much, overdo
stupefare, to stupefy torrefare, to roast tumefare, to swell

stare, to be:  starò, starai, starà, starẹmo, starẹte, staranno
ristare, to stop, desist:  ristò, ristai, ristà, ristarẹmo, ristarẹte, ristaranno

On occasion, it will be necessary to add an "h" to preserve the original sound of a verb, such as pagare  >  pagherò.

Verbs which end with "ciare" or "giare" drop the "i", for example lasciare  >  lascerò.

Groups 2 and 3 are formed in the same way.  The final “e” of the infinitive is dropped, and the endings (-ò, -ai, -à, -ẹmo, -ẹte, -anno) are added.

The following examples demonstrate the forms.

I shall, will win Io vịncere vincerò (veen-chay-rAW)
you shall, will sell Tu vẹndere venderai (vayn-day-rAH-ee)
He, she, who shall, will read Lei, Lui, Chi lęggere leggerà (layj jay-rAH)
We shall, will enjoy Noi godere goderẹmo (goh-day-rAY-moh)
You shall, will exist Voi esịstere esisterẹte (ay-zees-tay-rAY-tay)
They, who shall, will deduce Loro, Chi dedurre dedurranno (day-doo-rrAHn-noh)

In group 2, some verbs are irregular in the future tense.
avere, to have:  avrò, avrai, avrà, avrẹmo, avrẹte, avranno
bevere, to drink:  berrò, berrai, berrà, berrẹmo, berrẹte, berranno
                                Like bevere:        imbevere, to imbibe

cadere, to fall:  cadrò, cadrai, cadrà, cadrẹmo, cadrẹte, cadranno    [The stem is changed to cadr-.]
Like cadere accadere, to befall decadere, to decay
ricadere, to relapse, fall again scadere, to decline, deteriorate

cuǫcere, to cook:  cocerò, cocerai, cocerà, cocerẹmo, cocerẹte, coceranno   [The stem is changed by dropping the letter u.]
Like cuǫcere: commuǫvere, to move emotionally muǫvere, to move
nuǫcere, to harm percuǫtere, to strike promuǫvere, to promote
ricuǫcere, to recook rimuǫvere, to remove riscuǫtere, to draw a salary
scuǫcere, to overcook scuǫtere, to shake smuǫvere, to budge
sommuǫvere, to incite, stir up stracuǫcere, to overdo

dolere, to ache:  dorrò, dorrai, dorrà, dorrẹmo, dorrẹte, dorranno
dovere, to be obliged:  dovrò, dovrai, dovrà, dovrẹmo, dovrẹte, dovranno
ęssere, to be:  sarò, sarai, sarà, sarẹmo, sarẹte, saranno
parere, to seem:  parrò, parrai, parrà, parrẹmo, parrẹte, parranno
potere, to be able:  potrò, potrai, potrà, potrẹmo, potrẹte, potranno
rimanere, to stay:  rimarrò, rimarrai, rimarrà, rimarrẹmo, rimarrẹte, rimarranno
sapere, to know:  saprò, saprai, saprà, saprẹmo, saprẹte, sapranno

tenere, to hold: terrò, terrai, terrà, terrẹmo, terrrẹte, terranno 
Like tenere: appartenere, to belong to contenere, to contain
detenere, to detain mantenere, to maintain ottenere, to obtain
ritenere, to retain sostenere, to sustain trattenere, to restrain

valere, to be worth:  varrò, varrai, varrà, varrẹmo, varrẹte, varranno
                Like valere:                equivalere, to be equivalent to
                invalere, to catch on , become fashionable                   prevalere, to be prevalent, to prevail

vedere, to see:  vedrò, vedrai, vedrà, vedrẹmo, vedrẹte, vedranno
Like vedere: antivedere, to foresee intravedere, to glimpse
prevedere, to see ahead provedere, to provide, look after rivedere, to see again
stravedere, to see things, hallucinate travedere, to be misled


volere, to be willing:  vorrò, vorrai, vorrà, vorrẹmo, vorrẹte, vorranno
                Like volere:                      benvolere, to like someone
disvolere, to stop liking someone     malvolere, to dislike someone           rivolere, to want something back

In group 3, some verbs are irregular in the future tense.
morire, to die:  morrò, morrai, morrà, morrẹmo, morrẹte, morranno
                Like morire:         prẹmorire, to die before, predecease

venire, to come:  verrò, verrai, verrà, verrẹmo, verrẹte, verranno
Like venire: addivenire, to come to avvenire, to happen
circonvenire, to circumvent contravenire, to contravene convenire, to convene
divenire, to become intervenire, to intervene pervenire, to reach
prevenire, to prevent riconvenire, to reconvene ridivenire, to become again
rinvenire, to rediscover, recover risoveniresi, to recollect  rivenire, to come back
sconvenire, to be unbecoming sovvenire, to help svenire, to faint